1971 in science

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The year 1971 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Contents

1 Astronomy and space exploration
2 Biology
3 Computer science
4 Mathematics
5 Medicine
6 Psychology
7 Awards
8 Births
9 Deaths
10 References

Astronomy and space exploration

January 31 - Apollo program: Astronauts aboard Apollo 14 lift off for a mission to the moon.
February 5 - Apollo 14 lands on the Moon.
February 9 - Apollo program: Apollo 14 returns to Earth after the third manned moon landing.
May 19 - Mars probe program: Mars 2 is launched by the Soviet Union.
May 30 - Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched toward Mars.
June 30 - The crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft are killed when their air supply leaks out through a faulty valve during re-entry preparations, the only human deaths to occur outside Earth's atmosphere.
July 26 - Apollo program: Launch of Apollo 15. On July 31 the Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover a day after landing on the surface.
November 13 - Mariner program: Mariner 9 enters Mars orbit.

Biology

Francis G. Howarth discovers communities of specialized thermophile cave animals living in lava tubes at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.

Computer science

July 4 - Michael S. Hart posts the first e-book, a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, on the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign's mainframe computer, the origin of Project Gutenberg.^[1]
November 3 - The UNIX Programmer's Manual is published.
November 15 - Intel release the world's first microprocessor, the 4004.
end - Ray Tomlinson sends the first ARPAnet e-mail between host computers, at BBN, Cambridge, Massachusetts, with the first use of the @ sign in an address.^[2]

Mathematics

Daniel Quillen publishes a proof of the Adams conjecture.^[3]

Medicine

Boston Women's Health Book Collective publishes Our Bodies, Ourselves in the U.S.

Psychology

August 14–20 - Stanford prison experiment.
Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume II is published by Konrad Lorenz.

Awards

Nobel Prizes
- Physics - Dennis Gabor
- Chemistry - Gerhard Herzberg
- Medicine - Earl W Sutherland, Jr
Turing Award - John McCarthy

Births

August 2 - Ruth Lawrence, English-born mathematician.

Deaths

March 11 - Philo T. Farnsworth (b. 1906), American television pioneer.
April 1 - Dame Kathleen Lonsdale (b. 1903), Irish-born crystallographer.
June 30 - Soviet cosmonauts
- Georgy Dobrovolsky (b. 1928)
- Vladislav Volkov (b. 1935)
- Viktor Patsayev (b. 1933)

References

^ Hart, Michael (August 1992). "The History and Philosophy of Project Gutenberg". Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:The_History_and_Philosophy_of_Project_Gutenberg_by_Michael_Hart. Retrieved 2011-10-05. .
^ Tomlinson, Ray. "The First Network Email". http://openmap.bbn.com/~tomlinso/ray/firstemailframe.html. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
^ Quillen, Daniel (1971). "The Adams Conjecture". Topology 10: 67–80. doi:10.1016/0040-9383(71)90018-8. ISSN 0040-9383. MR 0279804. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0040938371900188. Retrieved 2011-06-24.